About This Dataset

This dataset from Epoch AI provides a comprehensive record of notable AI models spanning decades of machine learning research and development. It tracks key metrics including model parameters, training compute (in FLOPs), training data size, and publication dates across diverse domains such as language processing, computer vision, multimodal systems, games, speech, and robotics. The data captures contributions from hundreds of organizations worldwide, offering valuable insights into the evolution of AI capabilities, the concentration of AI development among leading institutions, and the exponential growth trends in model scale and computational requirements that have defined the field's progress.


Key Metrics

976 Models
363 Organizations
19 Domains
1950 - 2025 Date Range

Models by Domain

Language
484
Vision
332
Multimodal
103
Speech
55
Image generatio...
55
Games
51
Biology
48
Video
46
Robotics
27
Audio
22

Top Organizations by Model Count

Google
82
OpenAI
56
DeepMind
44
Google DeepMind
41
Meta AI
39
Stanford Univer...
36
Google Brain
32
Carnegie Mellon...
31
NVIDIA
29
Google Research
29

Included Files

notable_ai_models.csv

Notable AI models (976 records)

frontier_ai_models.csv

Frontier AI models data

large_scale_ai_models.csv

Large-scale AI models data

all_ai_models.csv

Complete AI models dataset


Data Table

976 results
Model Organization Domain Parameters Date
(ensemble): AWD-LSTM-DOC (fin) × 5 (WT2)NTT Communication Science Laboratories,Tohoku UniversityLanguage185.0M2018-08-30
3DDFAChinese Academy of Sciences,Michigan State UniversityVision5.4M2015-11-23
3DMM-CNNUniversity of Southern CaliforniaVision44.5M2016-12-15
4 layer QRNN (h=2500)Salesforce ResearchLanguage151.0M2018-03-22
6-Act TetherFacebook AI Research,Georgia Institute of TechnologyRobotics5.0M2021-08-03

Epoch AI, 'Parameter, Compute and Data Trends in Machine Learning'. Published online at epochai.org. Retrieved from https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models [online resource]. Accessed 19 Jan 2026.